⚠ Reference material — not professional advice. Test in staging, back up first, verify against your specific version. Use your own judgment for your environment.
● High · CVSS 7.5

How to Fix CVE-2026-33012: Command Injection in micronaut-core

Other vulnerabilities in the same area that are worth patching alongside this one:

*By Sai Kiran Pandrala*

⚡ At a glance
SeverityCVSS 7.5 - High
Actively exploited?Not currently listed in CISA KEV
Affected>= 4.7.0, < 4.10.17
Fixed inversion
Type (CWE)CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

What is CVE-2026-33012?

CVE-2026-33012 is an OS command injection bug in micronaut-core. The product builds a shell command from untrusted input without escaping, so injected metacharacters run as the service account, often root or SYSTEM. Vendor description: Micronaut Framework is a JVM-based full stack Java framework designed for building modular, easily testable JVM applications. Versions 4.7.0 through 4.10.16 used an unbounded ConcurrentHashMap cache with no eviction policy in its DefaultHtmlErrorResponseBodyProvider.

Why this CVE matters

Command injection in a network appliance or management console gives the attacker the same privileges as the service account, which is usually root or SYSTEM. From there, persistence, lateral movement, and credential theft follow with off-the-shelf tooling.

For deployments of micronaut-core that have been exposed to the public internet during the disclosure window, the operating assumption should be that scanning has already happened. Even where exploitation has not been publicly observed, scanning for the vulnerable fingerprint is cheap and routine. Patching closes the door; log review and credential rotation close out the rest of the response.

Am I affected?

You are affected if your installation matches any of these version ranges:

Check your installed version against the list above. If you cannot determine the version, treat the system as affected and follow the upgrade path below.

Open micronaut-core's About dialog or run the vendor-documented version-check command. Compare the result against the affected ranges in the advisory.

How to fix CVE-2026-33012

  1. Read the vendor advisory in full: https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2hcp-gjrf-7fhc
  2. Upgrade micronaut-core to the patched build listed in the vendor advisory.
  3. Back up the configuration (and database, where applicable) before upgrading.
  4. Rotate any credentials, API keys, or session tokens that the vulnerable service touched. An unauthenticated RCE-class flaw means anything the process could see should be treated as exposed.
  5. Apply the patch in a maintenance window. For HA pairs, upgrade the standby node first, fail over, then upgrade the former primary.
  6. Restart the affected service so the patched binary loads, then verify the new version (see verification section).

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Update the micronaut-core Java dependency to 4.10.7

Vendor advisory: https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2hcp-gjrf-7fhc


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2hcp-gjrf-7fhc
# Maven: bump the dependency in pom.xml then resync.
mvn versions:set-property -Dproperty=micronaut-core.version -DnewVersion=4.10.7
mvn clean install

# Gradle: bump the version in build.gradle then refresh.
./gradlew --refresh-dependencies build

# Verify the running runtime.
java -version

# For log4j-style runtime fixes, delete vulnerable classes from the JAR and restart.
zip -q -d <app>.jar org/apache/logging/log4j/core/lookup/JndiLookup.class
systemctl restart <service>


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2hcp-gjrf-7fhc
# Restart the Windows service after upgrading the JAR.
Restart-Service -Name "<service-name>"
Get-Service -Name "<service-name>"

Verify the fix landed


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/micronaut-projects/micronaut-core/security/advisories/GHSA-2hcp-gjrf-7fhc
# 1. Confirm the running version matches the fixed-in version listed above.

# 2. Re-scan with your vulnerability scanner (Nessus, Qualys, Tenable, OpenVAS).
#    The scanner should no longer flag this CVE on the patched target.

# 3. Inspect recent service / kernel logs for crash-loops or rollback events.
journalctl -u <service> --since "10 minutes ago"
dmesg --since "10 minutes ago"

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If you cannot patch immediately

Restrict access to the management or affected endpoint at the network layer. If the vendor lists a configuration toggle that disables the vulnerable feature, use it until you can patch.

How to verify the fix worked

If your installation was internet-reachable during the disclosure window, treat log review as part of the remediation rather than an optional follow-up. Look for unexpected administrator accounts in micronaut-core, scheduled tasks or cron jobs you did not create, new files in web-accessible directories, and outbound connections to addresses not in your baseline. Suspicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint immediately followed by successful 200-class responses with unusually large bodies are a strong indicator of exploitation.

Frequently asked questions

Is CVE-2026-33012 being exploited in the wild?

Public exploitation has not been confirmed by CISA at the time of writing. Treat the patch as time-sensitive anyway; reports often lag actual abuse.

Will a WAF or IDS rule fully mitigate CVE-2026-33012?

No. Network-layer filters can reduce noise and slow opportunistic scanners, but they will not stop a determined attacker. The vendor patch is the only durable fix.

Do I need to assume compromise if my micronaut-core was internet-facing and unpatched?

For an unauthenticated RCE-class flaw exposed to the public internet during the known exploitation window, yes. Review logs, rotate credentials the process could access, and look for unexpected accounts, scheduled tasks, or outbound connections.

References

*This guide was assembled from the official vendor advisory, the NVD record, and the CISA KEV catalog entry on 2026-05-25. Always confirm against the vendor advisory before applying changes in production.*