⚠ Reference material — not professional advice. Test in staging, back up first, verify against your specific version. Use your own judgment for your environment.
● Low · CVSS 1.3

How to Fix CVE-2026-4395: Heap-based buffer overflow in wc_ecc_import_x963_ex KCAPI path in wolfssl

Other vulnerabilities in the same area that are worth patching alongside this one:

*By Sai Kiran Pandrala*

⚡ At a glance
SeverityCVSS 1.3, Low
Actively exploited?No
Affectedwolfssl (0 <= 5.8.4)
Fixed inSee vendor advisory
Type (CWE)CWE-122: CWE-122 Heap-based Buffer Overflow

What is CVE-2026-4395?

Heap-based buffer overflow in the KCAPI ECC code path of wc_ecc_import_x963_ex() in wolfSSL wolfcrypt allows a remote attacker to write attacker-controlled data past the bounds of the pubkey_raw buffer via a crafted oversized EC public key point. The WOLFSSL_KCAPI_ECC code path copies the input to key->pubkey_raw (132 bytes) using XMEMCPY without a bounds check, unlike the ATECC code path which includes a length validation. This can be triggered during TLS key exchange when a malicious peer sends a crafted ECPoint in ServerKeyExchange.

In practical terms, a successful attacker gets memory corruption that can lead to code execution or a crash. There is no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation listed in CISA's KEV catalog at the time of writing, but the CVSS rating still warrants prompt patching.

Am I affected?

You're affected if you run wolfssl at any version in the Affected row above. Use these probes to find your installed build:


# Confirm the installed version via your package manager
dpkg -l | grep -i wolfssl   # Debian/Ubuntu
rpm -qa | grep -i wolfssl   # RHEL/CentOS/Rocky

How to fix CVE-2026-4395

The primary fix is to upgrade to the patched build listed in the Fixed in row above (See vendor advisory). Pick the platform that matches your install and run the commands below.

Linux (Ubuntu / Debian)


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade wolfssl
# Confirm the installed version meets or exceeds <patched-version>
dpkg -s wolfssl | grep ^Version

Linux (RHEL / CentOS / Rocky)


sudo dnf upgrade --security wolfssl -y
rpm -q wolfssl

Windows (PowerShell, admin)


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
# Try winget first
winget upgrade --id 'Wolfssl.wolfssl' --silent --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements
# If winget does not know the product, download the patched installer from the vendor and:
Start-Process -FilePath "$env:TEMP\wolfssl-<patched-version>.msi" -ArgumentList '/qn /norestart' -Wait

PowerShell script (Windows) - detect, back up, upgrade, verify, log


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
# Run as Administrator
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
$log = "$env:ProgramData\wolfssl-Patch-CVE-2026-4395.log"
function Write-Log($msg) { "$(Get-Date -Format s)  $msg" | Tee-Object -FilePath $log -Append }

Write-Log "Starting CVE-2026-4395 remediation for Wolfssl wolfssl"

# 1. Detect: replace the path/version probe with one valid for your install
$installed = (Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Product |
    Where-Object { $_.Name -like '*wolfssl*' } |
    Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty Version)
Write-Log "Detected version: $installed"

if (-not $installed) {
    Write-Log "Product not installed on this host; nothing to do."
    return
}
if ([version]$installed -ge [version]'<patched-version>') {
    Write-Log "Already at fixed version $installed; no action needed."
    return
}

# 2. Backup configuration to a timestamped folder
$backup = "$env:ProgramData\wolfssl-Backup-$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd-HHmm)"
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $backup -Force | Out-Null
# Adjust the source path to match your install
$src = "$env:ProgramFiles\Wolfssl\wolfssl"
if (Test-Path $src) { Copy-Item -Path $src -Destination $backup -Recurse -Force }
Write-Log "Backed up config to $backup"

# 3. Apply the patched installer (place the verified file on a share or staging path)
$installer = "$env:TEMP\wolfssl-<patched-version>.msi"
if (-not (Test-Path $installer)) {
    throw "Patched installer not found at $installer. Stage it from your software repo first."
}
Start-Process msiexec.exe -ArgumentList "/i `"$installer`" /qn /norestart" -Wait
Write-Log "Installer finished"

# 4. Verify
$verify = (Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Product |
    Where-Object { $_.Name -like '*wolfssl*' } |
    Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty Version)
if ([version]$verify -ge [version]'<patched-version>') {
    Write-Log "SUCCESS: now at $verify (>= <patched-version>)"
} else {
    Write-Log "FAILURE: still at $verify after install"
    exit 1
}

Bash script (Linux) - detect, back up, upgrade, verify, log


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail
LOG=/var/log/wolfssl-patch-cve-2026-4395.log
log()  { echo "$(date -Iseconds)  $*" | tee -a "$LOG"; }

log "Starting CVE-2026-4395 remediation for Wolfssl wolfssl"

# 1. Detect installed version (works for deb and rpm packages)
if command -v dpkg >/dev/null && dpkg -s wolfssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    CURRENT=$(dpkg-query -W -f='${Version}' wolfssl)
    PKG_MGR=apt
elif command -v rpm >/dev/null && rpm -q wolfssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    CURRENT=$(rpm -q --queryformat '%{VERSION}' wolfssl)
    PKG_MGR=dnf
else
    log "wolfssl not installed via apt or rpm; check your package manager or vendor instructions."
    exit 0
fi
log "Detected: wolfssl=$CURRENT (manager=$PKG_MGR)"

# 2. Backup config
BACKUP=/var/backups/wolfssl-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M)
mkdir -p "$BACKUP"
for d in /etc/wolfssl /etc/${pkg%%-*} ; do
    [ -d "$d" ] && cp -a "$d" "$BACKUP/" && log "Backed up $d to $BACKUP"
done

# 3. Upgrade
if [ "$PKG_MGR" = apt ]; then
    sudo apt-get update -y
    sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade -y wolfssl
else
    sudo dnf upgrade --security -y wolfssl
fi

# 4. Verify
if [ "$PKG_MGR" = apt ]; then
    NEW=$(dpkg-query -W -f='${Version}' wolfssl)
else
    NEW=$(rpm -q --queryformat '%{VERSION}' wolfssl)
fi
log "After upgrade: $NEW"

# Optionally compare against <patched-version> with dpkg --compare-versions or sort -V
log "Done. Restart the affected service if the package install did not."

If you can't patch immediately

These are runnable hardening commands. They reduce blast radius but they're not a replacement for the vendor patch.

No official vendor workaround is published for this CVE; patching is the only documented fix. The runnable hardening below is generic defense in depth, not a substitute for the patch.

Restrict the affected service to trusted networks (Linux):


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
# Replace <port> with the affected service port and 10.0.0.0/24 with your admin subnet
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <port> -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <port> -j DROP

Windows Firewall equivalent:


# Vendor advisory: https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/9988
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'Allow affected service from admin subnet' \
    -Direction Inbound -Action Allow -Protocol TCP -LocalPort <port> -RemoteAddress 10.0.0.0/24
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'Block affected service from everywhere else' \
    -Direction Inbound -Action Block -Protocol TCP -LocalPort <port>

How to verify the fix worked

Run the version probe again and confirm the running build matches the Fixed in row above.


# Confirm the running build matches the patched version listed by the vendor
# Example for Linux package installs:
dpkg -l | grep -i "wolfssl"   # Debian/Ubuntu
rpm -qa | grep -i "wolfssl"   # RHEL/CentOS/Rocky

Expected output: the package version should meet or exceed the patched build.

Then re-run any vulnerability scanner you used previously and confirm the finding for CVE-2026-4395 has cleared. Sweep your logs for the indicators of compromise listed in the vendor or CISA advisory, especially if the system was internet-reachable during the disclosure window.

Frequently asked questions

Is CVE-2026-4395 being actively exploited?

Not at the time of writing. It is not listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. That status can change, so monitor the vendor advisory and the KEV catalog if the system is exposed.

How severe is CVE-2026-4395?

CVSS rates it 1.3 (Low). Use that score to set your patch priority next to the other items in your queue.

Do I have to take wolfssl offline to apply the patch?

It depends on the deployment. High-availability or clustered installs can usually patch one node at a time with no full outage. Standalone installs typically need a short restart. Always follow the vendor's documented upgrade steps.

What if my vulnerability scanner still flags CVE-2026-4395 after I patch?

Re-run the scan after a service restart, then confirm the scanner's plugin set is up to date. Some scanners detect by banner version only and lag the official fix metadata by a release.

References

*Written by Sai Kiran Pandrala on 2026-05-25. Sourced from the official vendor advisory, the NVD record, and the CISA KEV listing. Always confirm against the vendor advisory before applying changes in production.*